Depression
CES-D Depression Scale
A 20-item screen for depressive symptoms over the past week.
About this test
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a widely used public-domain screen for depressive symptoms in the general population. It focuses on how you have felt during the past week. Four positively worded items are reverse-scored automatically.
What your score means
| Score | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| 0–15 | Below clinical concern |
| 16–23 | Possible depression |
| 24–60 | Probable depression |
Frequently asked questions
Is the CES-D free to use?
Yes. The CES-D is in the public domain and free to use for screening, research and education.
What score indicates depression?
A total of 16 or higher is the common cutoff suggesting possible depression. It is a screening result, not a diagnosis.
Can the CES-D diagnose depression?
No. It screens for symptom levels. A formal diagnosis requires a qualified clinician.
Source: Radloff (1977). Public domain.